petSD+ replied with 00,OK,00,00; but I found the information, that the only turboloader it supports is JiffyDOS - it's CPU is clocked twice as fast as SD2IEC (needed for IEEE-488 support), so the code supporting each protocol has to be adapted; so it's probably normal that GEOS does not work.
Yes, disk IDs were the same - as I simply moved the SD card from one device to another, I also set the same drive number (old unit was disconnected).